On the cognition of laws of nature.
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Published:
04.11.2003
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Abstract
In this paper I shall discuss the problem of cognition of laws of nature on the following different levels of understanding:
(i) First level of understanding of laws of nature: the Greek Ideal of Science
(ii) Second level: Space Time Invariance
(iii) Third level: Dynamical Laws
(iv) Fourth level: Statistical Laws
(v) Fifth level: Laws and Causality
(vi) Sixth level: Chaotic Motion
(vii) Seventh level: Initial conditions and Constants of Nature
(i) First level of understanding of laws of nature: the Greek Ideal of Science
(ii) Second level: Space Time Invariance
(iii) Third level: Dynamical Laws
(iv) Fourth level: Statistical Laws
(v) Fifth level: Laws and Causality
(vi) Sixth level: Chaotic Motion
(vii) Seventh level: Initial conditions and Constants of Nature
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How to Cite
Weingartner P. On the cognition of laws of nature. // Logicheskie Issledovaniya / Logical Investigations. 2003. VOL. 10. C. 257-277.
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References
Weingartner, P. (2000) Basic Questions on Truth. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Schurz G. - Weingartner P (1987) “Verisimilitude Defined by Relevant Consequence-Elements. A New Reconstruction o f Popper’s Original Idea.” In: Kuipers, Th. (ed.) What is Closer-to-the-Truth? Rodopi, Amsterdam, p.4777.
Aristotle (Phys) Physics. In: The Complete works o f Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985. Vol II.
Aristotle (Met) Metaphysics. In: the Complete works o f Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985. Vol.I.
Wigner E.P. (1967) Symmetry’ and Reflections. Scientific Essays o f Eugene P. Wigner, ed. by Moore W.J. and Scriven M. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington.
Popper K.R.-Eccles J. (1981) The Self and its Brain. Springer Berlin.
Weinberg St. (1987) Towards the Final Laws of Physics, In: Elementary Particles and the Laws o f Physics; Cambridge Univ. Press, Pail II p. 61-110.
Thomas Aquinas (STh) Summa Theologica. Christian Classics. Westminster Maryland, 1981.
Holt D.L., Holt R.G. (1993) “Regularity in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems.” In: Brit. J. for the Philosophy o f Science 44, p. 711-727.
Laplace (1814) Essai philosophique sur les probabilites. Courcier, Paris.
Lighthill J. (1986) “The Recently Recognized Failure o f Predictability in Newtonian Dynamics.” Proceedings o f the Royal Society London A 407, p. 35-50.
Boltzmann L. (1896) „Entgegnung auf die wnrmetheoretischen Betrachtungen des H eim E. Zermelo.“ In: Boltzmann, Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Vol. Ill, § 119.
Poincare H. (1958) Science and hypothesis. Dover.
Schrodinger E. (1961) Was ist ein Naturgesetz? Olms Hildesheim, Engl.
Transl. in: E. Schrodinger, Science and the Human Temperament. Allen & Unwin, London.
Mittelstaedt P. (1997) “The Emergence o f Statistical Laws in Quantum M echanics.” In: Ferrero-Meiuwe (eds.) New Developments on Fundamental Problems in Quantum Physics. Dordrecht, Kluwer p. 265-274.
Angelopoulos A. et al. (1998) Phys. Lett. В 444, 43.
Schwarzschild B. (1999) “Two Experiments Observe Explicit Violation of Time-Reversal Symmetry.” In: Physics Today, February 1999, p. 19-20. Chirikov B. (1991) “Patterns in Chaos.” In: Chaos, Solitons and Fractals Ц1) p. 79-103.
Zermelo E. (1896a) „Tiber einen Satz der Dynamik und die mechanische Wnrmetheorie.“ In: Wiedemanns Annalen 57.
Zermelo E. (1896b) „liber die mechanische Erkbrung irreversibler Vorgnnge.“ In: Wiedemanns Annalen 59.
Boltzmann L. (1897) ,,Zu Herrn Zermelos Abhandlung ,bber die mechanische Erkbrung irreversibler Vorgnnge’“. In: Boltzmann (1968) Vol. II, § 120.
Boltzmann L. (1968) Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Chelsea Publ. Comp. New York
Kuhn Th. (1978) Black Body Theory and the Quantum Theory 1894-1912. Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
Weingartrier P. - Schmetterer L. (1987) Godel Remembered. Bibliopolis, Napoli.
Lee T.D. (1988) Symmetries, Asymmetries and the World of Particles. Univ. o f Washington Press, Seattle.
March A. (1957) Das neue Denken der modernen Physik. Rowohlt, Hamburg. Heisenberg W. (1927) „liber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik.“ In: Zeitschrift fbr Physik 43, p. 172-198.
Aristotle (Heav) “On the Heavens.” In: The Complete Works of Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985.
Henon M. (1976) “A Two Dimensional Map with a Strange Attractor.” Common. Math. Phys. 50, p. 69-77
Maxwell J. С. (1992) Matter and Motion. Dover New York.
Weingartner P. (1996) “Under What Transformations Are Laws Invariant?” In:
Weingartner-Schurz (eds.) Law and Prediction in the Light of Chaos Research. Berlin, Springer.
Milne E.A. (1948) Kinematic Relativity. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Wheeler J.A. (1980) “Beyond the Black Hole.” In: Some Strangeness in the Proportion. Ed. by Harry Woolf. Addison-Wesley Publ. Comp., Reading, Mass. P. 341-375.
Popper K.R. (1959) The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson, New York.
Dirac P.A.M. (1973) “Fundamental Constants and Their Development in Time.” In: Mehra J.(ed.) The Physicist’s Conception of Nature. Reidel, Dordrecht, p.45-54.
Schurz G. - Weingartner P (1987) “Verisimilitude Defined by Relevant Consequence-Elements. A New Reconstruction o f Popper’s Original Idea.” In: Kuipers, Th. (ed.) What is Closer-to-the-Truth? Rodopi, Amsterdam, p.4777.
Aristotle (Phys) Physics. In: The Complete works o f Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985. Vol II.
Aristotle (Met) Metaphysics. In: the Complete works o f Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985. Vol.I.
Wigner E.P. (1967) Symmetry’ and Reflections. Scientific Essays o f Eugene P. Wigner, ed. by Moore W.J. and Scriven M. Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington.
Popper K.R.-Eccles J. (1981) The Self and its Brain. Springer Berlin.
Weinberg St. (1987) Towards the Final Laws of Physics, In: Elementary Particles and the Laws o f Physics; Cambridge Univ. Press, Pail II p. 61-110.
Thomas Aquinas (STh) Summa Theologica. Christian Classics. Westminster Maryland, 1981.
Holt D.L., Holt R.G. (1993) “Regularity in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems.” In: Brit. J. for the Philosophy o f Science 44, p. 711-727.
Laplace (1814) Essai philosophique sur les probabilites. Courcier, Paris.
Lighthill J. (1986) “The Recently Recognized Failure o f Predictability in Newtonian Dynamics.” Proceedings o f the Royal Society London A 407, p. 35-50.
Boltzmann L. (1896) „Entgegnung auf die wnrmetheoretischen Betrachtungen des H eim E. Zermelo.“ In: Boltzmann, Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Vol. Ill, § 119.
Poincare H. (1958) Science and hypothesis. Dover.
Schrodinger E. (1961) Was ist ein Naturgesetz? Olms Hildesheim, Engl.
Transl. in: E. Schrodinger, Science and the Human Temperament. Allen & Unwin, London.
Mittelstaedt P. (1997) “The Emergence o f Statistical Laws in Quantum M echanics.” In: Ferrero-Meiuwe (eds.) New Developments on Fundamental Problems in Quantum Physics. Dordrecht, Kluwer p. 265-274.
Angelopoulos A. et al. (1998) Phys. Lett. В 444, 43.
Schwarzschild B. (1999) “Two Experiments Observe Explicit Violation of Time-Reversal Symmetry.” In: Physics Today, February 1999, p. 19-20. Chirikov B. (1991) “Patterns in Chaos.” In: Chaos, Solitons and Fractals Ц1) p. 79-103.
Zermelo E. (1896a) „Tiber einen Satz der Dynamik und die mechanische Wnrmetheorie.“ In: Wiedemanns Annalen 57.
Zermelo E. (1896b) „liber die mechanische Erkbrung irreversibler Vorgnnge.“ In: Wiedemanns Annalen 59.
Boltzmann L. (1897) ,,Zu Herrn Zermelos Abhandlung ,bber die mechanische Erkbrung irreversibler Vorgnnge’“. In: Boltzmann (1968) Vol. II, § 120.
Boltzmann L. (1968) Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Chelsea Publ. Comp. New York
Kuhn Th. (1978) Black Body Theory and the Quantum Theory 1894-1912. Oxford Univ. Press Oxford
Weingartrier P. - Schmetterer L. (1987) Godel Remembered. Bibliopolis, Napoli.
Lee T.D. (1988) Symmetries, Asymmetries and the World of Particles. Univ. o f Washington Press, Seattle.
March A. (1957) Das neue Denken der modernen Physik. Rowohlt, Hamburg. Heisenberg W. (1927) „liber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik.“ In: Zeitschrift fbr Physik 43, p. 172-198.
Aristotle (Heav) “On the Heavens.” In: The Complete Works of Aristotle, ed. By J. Barnes. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1985.
Henon M. (1976) “A Two Dimensional Map with a Strange Attractor.” Common. Math. Phys. 50, p. 69-77
Maxwell J. С. (1992) Matter and Motion. Dover New York.
Weingartner P. (1996) “Under What Transformations Are Laws Invariant?” In:
Weingartner-Schurz (eds.) Law and Prediction in the Light of Chaos Research. Berlin, Springer.
Milne E.A. (1948) Kinematic Relativity. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
Wheeler J.A. (1980) “Beyond the Black Hole.” In: Some Strangeness in the Proportion. Ed. by Harry Woolf. Addison-Wesley Publ. Comp., Reading, Mass. P. 341-375.
Popper K.R. (1959) The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson, New York.
Dirac P.A.M. (1973) “Fundamental Constants and Their Development in Time.” In: Mehra J.(ed.) The Physicist’s Conception of Nature. Reidel, Dordrecht, p.45-54.