Devising the set of abnormalities for a given defeasible rule
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06.08.2020
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Abstract
Devising adaptive logics usually starts with a set of abnormalities and a deductive logic. Where the adaptive logic is ampliative, the deductive logic is the lower limit logic, the rules of which are unconditionally valid. Where the adaptive logic is corrective, the deductive logic is the upper limit logic, the rules of which are valid in case the premises do not require any abnormalities to be true. In some cases, the idea for devising an adaptive logic does not relate to a set of abnormalities, but to one or more defeasible rules, and perhaps also to one of the deductive logics. Defeasible rules are not universally valid, but are valid in ‘normal situations’ or for unproblematic parts of premise set. Where the idea is such, the set of abnormalities has to be delineated in view of the rules. The way in which this task may be tackled is by no means obvious and is the main topic studied in the present paper. The outcome is an extremely simple and transparent recipe. It is shown that, except for very special cases, the recipe leads to an adequate result.
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How to Cite
Batens D. Devising the set of abnormalities for a given defeasible rule // Logicheskie Issledovaniya / Logical Investigations. 2020. VOL. 26. № 1. C. 9-35.
Section
Philosophy and Logic
Copyright (c) 2020 Diderik Batens
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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Batens, 1985 – Batens, D. “Dynamic dialectical logics as a tool to deal with and partly eliminate unexpected inconsistencies”, in: The Logic of Discovery and the Logic of Discourse, J. Hintikka, F. Vandamme (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1985, pp. 263–271.
Batens, 1986 – Batens, D. “Dialectical dynamics within formal logics”, Logique et Analyse, 1986, Vol. 114, pp. 161–173.
Batens, 1989 – Batens, D. “Dynamic dialectical logics”, in: Paraconsistent Logic. Essays on the Inconsistent, G. Priest, R. Routley, J. Norman (eds.), Philosophia Verlag, M¨unchen, 1989, pp. 187–217.
Batens, 2000 – Batens, D. “Minimally abnormal models in some adaptive logics”, Synthese, 2000, Vol. 125, pp. 5–18.
Batens, 2002 – Batens, D. “On some remarkable relations between paraconsistent logics, modal logics, and ambiguity logics”, in: Paraconsistency. The Logical Way to the Inconsistent, W.A. Carnielli, M.E. Coniglio, and I.M.L. D’Ottaviano (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002, pp. 275–293.
Batens, 2004 – Batens, D. “The basic inductive schema, inductive truisms, and the research-guiding capacities of the logic of inductive generalization”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 53–84. (Appeared 2005)
Batens, 2005 – Batens, D. “On a logic of induction”, in: Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation. Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers. Vol. 1, volume 83 of Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, R. Festa, A. Aliseda, J. Peijnenburg (eds.). Rodopi, Amsterdam/New York, 2005, pp. 221–242. (Contains uncorrected proofs; see [Batens, 2006] for correct version.)
Batens, 2005 – Batens, D. “The theory of the process of explanation generalized to include the inconsistent case”, Synthese, 2005, Vol. 143, pp. 63–88. doi:10.1007/s11229-005-3114-3.
Batens, 2006 – Batens, D. “On a logic of induction”, L&PS – Logic & Philosophy of Science, 2006, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 3–32. (Corrected version of [Batens, 2005].)
Batens, 2007 – Batens, D. “A universal logic approach to adaptive logics”, Logica Universalis, 2007, Vol. 1, pp. 221–242.
Batens, 2009 – Batens, D. “Towards a dialogic interpretation of dynamic proofs”, in: Dialogues, Logics and Other Strange Things. Essays in Honour of Shahid Rahman, C. D´egremont, L. Keiff, H. R¨uckert (eds.). College Publications, London, 2009, pp. 27–51.
Batens, 2011 – Batens, D. “Logics for qualitative inductive generalization”, Studia Logica, 2011, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 61–80. doi:10.1007/s11225-010-9297-8.
Batens, 2014 – Batens, D. “The consistency of Peano Arithmetic. A defeasible perspective”, in: Modestly Radical or Radically Modest. Festschrift for Jean Paul van Bendegem on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, P. Allo, B. Van Kerkhove (eds.), Vol. 24 of Tributes, College Publications, London, 2014, pp. 11–59.
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Batens, 2016 – Baten, D. “Spoiled for choice?”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2016, Vol. 26(1) pp. 65–95. E-published 2013: doi:10.1093/logcom/ext019.
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Batens, Meheus, 2001 – Batens, D., Meheus, J. “On the logic and pragmatics of the process of explanation”, in: Explanatory Connections. Electronic Essays Dedicated to Matti Sintonen, M. Kiikeri, P. Ylikoski (eds.), 2001, pp. 22.
Beirlaen, Aliseda, 2014 – Beirlaen, M., Aliseda, A. “A conditional logic for abduction”, Synthese, 2014, Vol. 191, pp. 3733–3758.
Beirlaen, Straßer, 2013a – Beirlaen, M., Straßer, C. “Non-monotonic reasoning with normative conflicts in multi-agent deontic logic”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2013, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1179–1207.
Beirlaen, Straßer, 2013b – Beirlaen, M., Straßer, C. “Two adaptive logics of normpropositions”, Journal of Applied Logic, 2013, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 147–168.
Brady, 2006 – Brady, R. Universal Logic. CSLI Publications, Stanford, Cal., 2006.
Church, 1951 – Church, A. “The weak theory of implication”, in: Kontrolliertes Denken. Untersuchungen zum Logikkalk¨ul und zur Logik der Einzelwissenschaften, A. Menne, A. Wilhemy, H. Angsil (eds.), Vol. 16, Karl Alber, M¨unchen, 1951, pp. 22–37.
De Clercq, Verhoeven, 2004 – De Clercq, K., Verhoeven, L. “Sieving out relevant and efficient questions”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 53–84. (Appeared 2005)
Gauderis, Van De Putte, 2012 – Gauderis, T., Van De Putte, F. “Abduction of generalizations”, Theoria, 2012, pp. 345–363.
Goble, 2014 – Goble, L. “Deontic logic (adapted) for normative conflicts”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 206–235.
Horsten, Welch, 2007 – Horsten, L., Welch, P. “The undecidability of propositional adaptive logic”, Synthese, 2007, Vol. 158, pp. 41–60.
Lycke, 2012 – Lycke, H. “A formal explication of the search for explanations: the adaptive logics approach to abductive reasoning”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2012, Vol. 20, pp. 497–516.
Meheus, 2001 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics for question”, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 135–164. (Appeared 2003)
Meheus, 2003 – Meheus, J. “Paraconsistent compatibility”, Logique et Analyse, 2003, Vol. 183–184, pp. 251–287. (Appeared 2005)
Meheus, 2004 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics and the integration of induction and deduction”, in: Induction and Deduction in the Sciences, ed. by F. Stadler, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004, pp. 93–120.
Meheus, 2007 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics for abduction and the explication of explanation-seeking processes”, in: Abduction and the Process of Scientific Discovery, O. Pombo, A. Gerner (eds.), Centro de Filosofia das Ciˆencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2007, pp. 97–119.
Meheus, 2011 – Meheus, J. “A formal logic for the abduction of singular hypotheses”, in: Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation, D. Dieks, W. J. Gonzalez, S. Hartmann, T. Uebel, M. Weber (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, 2011, pp. 93–108.
Meheus, Batens, 2006 – Meheus, J., Batens, D. “A formal logic for abductive reasoning”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2006, Vol. 14, pp. 221–236.
Meheus et al., 2010a – Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M., Putte, F.V.D. “Avoiding deontic explosion by contextually restricting aggregation”, in: Deontic Logic in Computer Science, G. Governatori, G. Sartor (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, 2010, pp. 148–165.
Meheus et al., 2010b – Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M., Putte, F.V.D., Straßer, C. “Nonadjunctive deontic logics that validate aggregation as much as possible”, 2010, [https://www.clps.ugent.be/sites/default/files/publications/nadl. pdf,accessedon09.04.2020].
Meheus, Provijn, 2004 – Meheus, J., Provijn, D. “Direct dynamic proofs for classical compatibility”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 305–317. (Appeared 2005)
Meheus et al., 2002 – Meheus, J., Verhoeven, L., Van Dyck, M., Provijn, D. “Ampliative adaptive logics and the foundation of logic-based approaches to abduction”, in: Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning, L. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian, C. Pizzi (eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002, pp. 39–71.
Odintsov, Speranski, 2012 – Odintsov, S.P., Speranski, S.O. “On algorithmic properties of propositional inconsistency-adaptive logics”, Logic and Logical Philosophy, 2012, Vol. 21, pp. 209–228.
Odintsov, Speranski, 2013 – Odintsov, S.P., Speranski, S.O. “Computability issues for adaptive logics in multi-consequence standard format”, Studia Logica, 2013, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 1237–1262. doi:10.1007/s11225-013-9531-2.
Pogorzelski, Prucnal, 1975 – Pogorzelski, W.A., Prucnal, T. “The substitution rule for predicate letters in the first-order predicate calculus”, Reports on Mathematical Logic, 1975, Vol. 5, pp. 77–90.
Priest, 1987 – Priest, G. In Contradiction. A Study of the Transconsistent. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006. Second expanded edition (first edition 1987).
Routley, 1982 – Routley, R. Relevant Logics and their Rivals, Vol. 1, Ridgeview, Atascadero, Ca., 1982.
Shapere, 2004 – Shapere, D. “Logic and the philosophical interpretation of science”, in: Alternative Logics. Do sciences need them?, ed. by P. Weingartner, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 41–54.
Straßer, 2010 – Straßer, C. “An adaptive logic framework for conditional obligations and deontic dilemmas”, Logic and Logical Philosophy, 2010, Vol. 19, No. 1–2, pp. 95–128.
Straßer et al., 2012 – Straßer, C., Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M. “Tolerating deontic conflicts by adaptively restricting inheritance”, Logique et Analyse, 2012, Vol. 219, pp. 477–506.
Van De Putte et al., in press – Van De Putte, F., Beirlaen, M., Meheus, J. “Adaptive deontic logics”, in: Handbook of Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Vol. 2, D. Gabbay, J. Horty, X. Parent, R. van der Meyden, L. van der Torre (eds.), College Publications, in press.
Van De Putte, Straßer, 2012 – Van De Putte, F., Straßer, C. “A logic for prioritized normative reasoning”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2012, Vol. 23, pp. 563583. doi:10.1093/logcom/exs008.
Vanackere, 1999a – Vanackere, G. “Ambiguity-adaptive logic”, Logique et Analyse, 1997, Vol. 159, pp. 261–280. (Appeared 1999)
Vanackere, 1999b – Vanackere, G. “Minimizing ambiguity and paraconsistency”, Logique et Analyse, 1999, Vol. 165–166, pp. 139–160. (Appeared 2002)
Vanackere, 2000 – Vanackere, G. “HL2. An inconsistency-adaptive and inconsistencyresolving logic for general statements that might have exceptions”, Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 2000, Vol. 10, pp. 317–338.
Vanackere, 2001 – Vanackere, G. “The role of ambiguities in the construction of collective theories”, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 189–214. (Appeared 2003)
Verd´ee, 2009 – Verd´ee, P. “Adaptive logics using the minimal abnormality strategy are Π 1 1 -complex”, Synthese, 2009, Vol. 167, pp. 93–104.
Verd´ee, Batens, 2016 – Verd´ee, P., Batens, D. “Nice embedding in classical logic”, Studia Logica, 2016, Vol. 104, pp. 47–78. E-published since 2015: doi:10.1007/s11225015-9622-3.
Weber, De Clercq, 2002 – Weber, E., De Clercq, K. “Why the logic of explanation is inconsistency-adaptive”, in: Inconsistency in Science, ed. by J. Meheus, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002, pp. 165–184.
Weber, Van Dyck, 2001 – Weber, E., Van Dyck, M. “Adaptive logic and covering law explanations”, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 237–254. (Appeared 2003)
Anderson, Belnap 1975 – Anderson, A.R., Belnap, N.D. Entailment. The Logic of Relevance and Necessity, Vol. 1. Princeton University Press, 1975.
Anderson et al., 1992 – Anderson, A.R., Belnap, N.D., Dunn, J.M. Entailment. The Logic of Relevance and Necessity, Vol. 2. Princeton University Press, 1992.
Batens, 2019 – Batens, D. “Adaptive Fregean set theory”, Studia Logica, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11225-019-09882-1
Batens, 1985 – Batens, D. “Dynamic dialectical logics as a tool to deal with and partly eliminate unexpected inconsistencies”, in: The Logic of Discovery and the Logic of Discourse, J. Hintikka, F. Vandamme (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1985, pp. 263–271.
Batens, 1986 – Batens, D. “Dialectical dynamics within formal logics”, Logique et Analyse, 1986, Vol. 114, pp. 161–173.
Batens, 1989 – Batens, D. “Dynamic dialectical logics”, in: Paraconsistent Logic. Essays on the Inconsistent, G. Priest, R. Routley, J. Norman (eds.), Philosophia Verlag, M¨unchen, 1989, pp. 187–217.
Batens, 2000 – Batens, D. “Minimally abnormal models in some adaptive logics”, Synthese, 2000, Vol. 125, pp. 5–18.
Batens, 2002 – Batens, D. “On some remarkable relations between paraconsistent logics, modal logics, and ambiguity logics”, in: Paraconsistency. The Logical Way to the Inconsistent, W.A. Carnielli, M.E. Coniglio, and I.M.L. D’Ottaviano (eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002, pp. 275–293.
Batens, 2004 – Batens, D. “The basic inductive schema, inductive truisms, and the research-guiding capacities of the logic of inductive generalization”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 53–84. (Appeared 2005)
Batens, 2005 – Batens, D. “On a logic of induction”, in: Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation. Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers. Vol. 1, volume 83 of Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, R. Festa, A. Aliseda, J. Peijnenburg (eds.). Rodopi, Amsterdam/New York, 2005, pp. 221–242. (Contains uncorrected proofs; see [Batens, 2006] for correct version.)
Batens, 2005 – Batens, D. “The theory of the process of explanation generalized to include the inconsistent case”, Synthese, 2005, Vol. 143, pp. 63–88. doi:10.1007/s11229-005-3114-3.
Batens, 2006 – Batens, D. “On a logic of induction”, L&PS – Logic & Philosophy of Science, 2006, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 3–32. (Corrected version of [Batens, 2005].)
Batens, 2007 – Batens, D. “A universal logic approach to adaptive logics”, Logica Universalis, 2007, Vol. 1, pp. 221–242.
Batens, 2009 – Batens, D. “Towards a dialogic interpretation of dynamic proofs”, in: Dialogues, Logics and Other Strange Things. Essays in Honour of Shahid Rahman, C. D´egremont, L. Keiff, H. R¨uckert (eds.). College Publications, London, 2009, pp. 27–51.
Batens, 2011 – Batens, D. “Logics for qualitative inductive generalization”, Studia Logica, 2011, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 61–80. doi:10.1007/s11225-010-9297-8.
Batens, 2014 – Batens, D. “The consistency of Peano Arithmetic. A defeasible perspective”, in: Modestly Radical or Radically Modest. Festschrift for Jean Paul van Bendegem on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, P. Allo, B. Van Kerkhove (eds.), Vol. 24 of Tributes, College Publications, London, 2014, pp. 11–59.
Batens, 2015 – Batens, D. “Tutorial on inconsistency-adaptive logics”, in: New Directions in Paraconsistent Logic, J.-Y. B´eziau, M. Chakraborty, S. Dutta (eds.), Vol. 152 of Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, Springer, 2015, pp. 3–38.
Batens, 2016 – Baten, D. “Spoiled for choice?”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2016, Vol. 26(1) pp. 65–95. E-published 2013: doi:10.1093/logcom/ext019.
Batens, 2017 – Batens, D. “Abduction logics illustrating pitfalls of defeasible methods”, in: Applications of formal philosophy: the road less travelled, R. Urbaniak, G. Payette (eds.), Vol. 14 of Logic, argumentation & reasoning, Springer, Berlin, 2017, pp. 169–193.
Batens, Clercq, 2004 – Batens, D., De Clercq, K. “A rich paraconsistent extension of full positive logic”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 227–257. (Appeared 2005) Batens et al., 2009 – Batens, D., De Clercq, K., Verd´ee, P., Meheus, J. “Yes fellows, most human reasoning is complex”, Synthese, 2009, Vol. 166, pp. 113–131. Batens, Haesaert, 2003 – Batens, D., Haesaert, L. “On classical adaptive logics of induction, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 255–290. (Appeared 2003) Batens, Meheus, 2000 – Batens, D., Meheus, J. “The adaptive logic of compatibility”, Studia Logica, 2000, Vol. 66, pp. 327–348.
Batens, Meheus, 2001 – Batens, D., Meheus, J. “On the logic and pragmatics of the process of explanation”, in: Explanatory Connections. Electronic Essays Dedicated to Matti Sintonen, M. Kiikeri, P. Ylikoski (eds.), 2001, pp. 22.
Beirlaen, Aliseda, 2014 – Beirlaen, M., Aliseda, A. “A conditional logic for abduction”, Synthese, 2014, Vol. 191, pp. 3733–3758.
Beirlaen, Straßer, 2013a – Beirlaen, M., Straßer, C. “Non-monotonic reasoning with normative conflicts in multi-agent deontic logic”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2013, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1179–1207.
Beirlaen, Straßer, 2013b – Beirlaen, M., Straßer, C. “Two adaptive logics of normpropositions”, Journal of Applied Logic, 2013, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 147–168.
Brady, 2006 – Brady, R. Universal Logic. CSLI Publications, Stanford, Cal., 2006.
Church, 1951 – Church, A. “The weak theory of implication”, in: Kontrolliertes Denken. Untersuchungen zum Logikkalk¨ul und zur Logik der Einzelwissenschaften, A. Menne, A. Wilhemy, H. Angsil (eds.), Vol. 16, Karl Alber, M¨unchen, 1951, pp. 22–37.
De Clercq, Verhoeven, 2004 – De Clercq, K., Verhoeven, L. “Sieving out relevant and efficient questions”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 53–84. (Appeared 2005)
Gauderis, Van De Putte, 2012 – Gauderis, T., Van De Putte, F. “Abduction of generalizations”, Theoria, 2012, pp. 345–363.
Goble, 2014 – Goble, L. “Deontic logic (adapted) for normative conflicts”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2014, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 206–235.
Horsten, Welch, 2007 – Horsten, L., Welch, P. “The undecidability of propositional adaptive logic”, Synthese, 2007, Vol. 158, pp. 41–60.
Lycke, 2012 – Lycke, H. “A formal explication of the search for explanations: the adaptive logics approach to abductive reasoning”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2012, Vol. 20, pp. 497–516.
Meheus, 2001 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics for question”, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 135–164. (Appeared 2003)
Meheus, 2003 – Meheus, J. “Paraconsistent compatibility”, Logique et Analyse, 2003, Vol. 183–184, pp. 251–287. (Appeared 2005)
Meheus, 2004 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics and the integration of induction and deduction”, in: Induction and Deduction in the Sciences, ed. by F. Stadler, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004, pp. 93–120.
Meheus, 2007 – Meheus, J. “Adaptive logics for abduction and the explication of explanation-seeking processes”, in: Abduction and the Process of Scientific Discovery, O. Pombo, A. Gerner (eds.), Centro de Filosofia das Ciˆencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2007, pp. 97–119.
Meheus, 2011 – Meheus, J. “A formal logic for the abduction of singular hypotheses”, in: Explanation, Prediction, and Confirmation, D. Dieks, W. J. Gonzalez, S. Hartmann, T. Uebel, M. Weber (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, 2011, pp. 93–108.
Meheus, Batens, 2006 – Meheus, J., Batens, D. “A formal logic for abductive reasoning”, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 2006, Vol. 14, pp. 221–236.
Meheus et al., 2010a – Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M., Putte, F.V.D. “Avoiding deontic explosion by contextually restricting aggregation”, in: Deontic Logic in Computer Science, G. Governatori, G. Sartor (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, 2010, pp. 148–165.
Meheus et al., 2010b – Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M., Putte, F.V.D., Straßer, C. “Nonadjunctive deontic logics that validate aggregation as much as possible”, 2010, [https://www.clps.ugent.be/sites/default/files/publications/nadl. pdf,accessedon09.04.2020].
Meheus, Provijn, 2004 – Meheus, J., Provijn, D. “Direct dynamic proofs for classical compatibility”, Logique et Analyse, 2004, Vol. 185–188, pp. 305–317. (Appeared 2005)
Meheus et al., 2002 – Meheus, J., Verhoeven, L., Van Dyck, M., Provijn, D. “Ampliative adaptive logics and the foundation of logic-based approaches to abduction”, in: Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning, L. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian, C. Pizzi (eds.), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002, pp. 39–71.
Odintsov, Speranski, 2012 – Odintsov, S.P., Speranski, S.O. “On algorithmic properties of propositional inconsistency-adaptive logics”, Logic and Logical Philosophy, 2012, Vol. 21, pp. 209–228.
Odintsov, Speranski, 2013 – Odintsov, S.P., Speranski, S.O. “Computability issues for adaptive logics in multi-consequence standard format”, Studia Logica, 2013, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 1237–1262. doi:10.1007/s11225-013-9531-2.
Pogorzelski, Prucnal, 1975 – Pogorzelski, W.A., Prucnal, T. “The substitution rule for predicate letters in the first-order predicate calculus”, Reports on Mathematical Logic, 1975, Vol. 5, pp. 77–90.
Priest, 1987 – Priest, G. In Contradiction. A Study of the Transconsistent. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006. Second expanded edition (first edition 1987).
Routley, 1982 – Routley, R. Relevant Logics and their Rivals, Vol. 1, Ridgeview, Atascadero, Ca., 1982.
Shapere, 2004 – Shapere, D. “Logic and the philosophical interpretation of science”, in: Alternative Logics. Do sciences need them?, ed. by P. Weingartner, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004, pp. 41–54.
Straßer, 2010 – Straßer, C. “An adaptive logic framework for conditional obligations and deontic dilemmas”, Logic and Logical Philosophy, 2010, Vol. 19, No. 1–2, pp. 95–128.
Straßer et al., 2012 – Straßer, C., Meheus, J., Beirlaen, M. “Tolerating deontic conflicts by adaptively restricting inheritance”, Logique et Analyse, 2012, Vol. 219, pp. 477–506.
Van De Putte et al., in press – Van De Putte, F., Beirlaen, M., Meheus, J. “Adaptive deontic logics”, in: Handbook of Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Vol. 2, D. Gabbay, J. Horty, X. Parent, R. van der Meyden, L. van der Torre (eds.), College Publications, in press.
Van De Putte, Straßer, 2012 – Van De Putte, F., Straßer, C. “A logic for prioritized normative reasoning”, Journal of Logic and Computation, 2012, Vol. 23, pp. 563583. doi:10.1093/logcom/exs008.
Vanackere, 1999a – Vanackere, G. “Ambiguity-adaptive logic”, Logique et Analyse, 1997, Vol. 159, pp. 261–280. (Appeared 1999)
Vanackere, 1999b – Vanackere, G. “Minimizing ambiguity and paraconsistency”, Logique et Analyse, 1999, Vol. 165–166, pp. 139–160. (Appeared 2002)
Vanackere, 2000 – Vanackere, G. “HL2. An inconsistency-adaptive and inconsistencyresolving logic for general statements that might have exceptions”, Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 2000, Vol. 10, pp. 317–338.
Vanackere, 2001 – Vanackere, G. “The role of ambiguities in the construction of collective theories”, Logique et Analyse, 2001, Vol. 173–175, pp. 189–214. (Appeared 2003)
Verd´ee, 2009 – Verd´ee, P. “Adaptive logics using the minimal abnormality strategy are Π 1 1 -complex”, Synthese, 2009, Vol. 167, pp. 93–104.
Verd´ee, Batens, 2016 – Verd´ee, P., Batens, D. “Nice embedding in classical logic”, Studia Logica, 2016, Vol. 104, pp. 47–78. E-published since 2015: doi:10.1007/s11225015-9622-3.
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